Viry nepat\u0159\u00ed mezi klasick\u00e9 organizmy pozorovan\u00e9 v\u00a0jeskyn\u00edch. U\u017e jenom proto, \u017ee nejsou vid\u011bt pouh\u00fdm okem a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejsou \u0159azeny mezi \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto m\u011b velmi zaujala jejich p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 existence a m\u00edra prozkoumanosti v\u00a0jeskyn\u00edch. \u00a0V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice neexistuje bohu\u017eel jeskyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 by byla prozkoum\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u011b biologick\u00fdch metod. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed od n\u00e1s je jeskyn\u011b Domica na Slovensku a Alpine Ice Cave v\u00a0Rakousku u obce Werfen. Celkem na sv\u011bt\u011b bylo takto prozkoum\u00e1no jen 55 jeskyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Viry jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed organizmy na sv\u011bt\u011b, existuj\u00edc\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e vznikla prvn\u00ed bu\u0148ka. Jsou schopn\u00e9 infikovat v\u0161echny typy organizm\u016f. Je tak jasn\u00e9, \u017ee m\u011bly a maj\u00ed siln\u00fd vliv na ekologick\u00e9 a evolu\u010dn\u00ed procesy (Forterre, 2010). Existuje jen mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zpr\u00e1v o v\u00fdskytu vir\u016f v\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch jeskyn\u00ed. Pod povrchem Zem\u011b bylo detekov\u00e1no velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch vir\u016f. Mnoho je infek\u010dn\u00edch, napadaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hmyz a savce s\u00eddl\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0jeskyn\u00edch. Klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem jsou netop\u00fd\u0159i a v\u00fdchodonilsk\u00fd virus. Netop\u00fd\u0159i slou\u017e\u00ed jako rezervo\u00e1r vir\u016f, kter\u00e9 pak infikuj\u00ed i \u010dlov\u011bka. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad lze uv\u00e9st lyssaviry, filoviry a paramyxoviry (Quan et al<\/i>, 2010). Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou onemocn\u011bn\u00ed VHF (viral hemorrhagic fever) zp\u016fsobenou Marburg viry jsou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy jeskyn\u00ed a dol\u016f v\u00a0Africe. Zdroj p\u016fvodn\u00ed infekce je zat\u00edm nezn\u00e1m\u00fd, nicm\u00e9n\u011b je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0izolovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech jeskyn\u00ed v Africe se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed tyto viry, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv na jedince vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do izolovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jeskyn\u011b (Kuzmin et al<\/i>, 2010).<\/p>\n
Zdroje:<\/p>\n
Forterre P. 2010. Defining life: the virus viewpoint. Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere : the journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life 40(2):151-160.<\/p>\n
Kuzmin IV, Niezgoda M, Franka R, Agwanda B, Markotter W, Breiman RF, Shieh WJ, Zaki SR, Rupprecht CE. 2010. Marburg virus in fruit bat, Kenya. Emerging infectious diseases 16(2):352-354.<\/p>\n
Quan PL, Firth C, Street C, Henriquez JA, Petrosov A, Tashmukhamedova A, Hutchison SK, Egholm M, Osinubi MO, Niezgoda M and others. 2010. Identification of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in a leaf-nosed bat in Nigeria. mBio 1(4).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Viry nepat\u0159\u00ed mezi klasick\u00e9 organizmy pozorovan\u00e9 v\u00a0jeskyn\u00edch. U\u017e jenom proto, \u017ee nejsou vid\u011bt pouh\u00fdm okem a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejsou \u0159azeny mezi \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto m\u011b velmi zaujala jejich p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 existence a m\u00edra prozkoumanosti v\u00a0jeskyn\u00edch. \u00a0V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice neexistuje bohu\u017eel jeskyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 by byla prozkoum\u00e1na pomoc\u00ed molekul\u00e1rn\u011b biologick\u00fdch metod. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed od n\u00e1s je jeskyn\u011b Domica na Slovensku […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ostatni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=836"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":839,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/836\/revisions\/839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}