{"id":1333,"date":"2014-05-11T10:47:22","date_gmt":"2014-05-11T08:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/?p=1333"},"modified":"2014-05-11T12:44:45","modified_gmt":"2014-05-11T10:44:45","slug":"starodavne-emisarium-jezera-nemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/?p=1333","title":{"rendered":"Starod\u00e1vn\u00e9 emis\u00e1rium jezera Nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00a0sobotu 10. kv\u011btna prob\u011bhla n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva starod\u00e1vn\u00e9ho <strong>emis\u00e1ria u jezera Nemi<\/strong>, jej\u00edm\u017e \u00fa\u010delem bylo proveden\u00ed velk\u00e9 skupiny americk\u00fdch student\u016f podzem\u00edm emis\u00e1ria. Jeliko\u017e jsem byl jedn\u00edm z\u00a0m\u00e1la schopn\u00fdm mluvit anglicky, byla m\u011b spolu se \u010dleny <strong>Roma sotteranea<\/strong> sv\u011b\u0159ena odpov\u011bdnost za doprov\u00e1zen\u00ed student\u016f americk\u00fdch univerzit, kte\u0159\u00ed si doprovod bohat\u011b zaplatili. Spolu se Sergiem jsme si nejd\u0159\u00edve za\u0161li od m\u00edstn\u00edho <strong>muzea<\/strong> u jezera, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ostatky \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zde byly p\u0159i jeho vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ed 2. sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou nalezeny. Po n\u00ed zas byly n\u011bmci zna\u010dn\u011b poni\u010deny a v\u011bt\u0161ina lod\u00ed jsou pouh\u00e9 kopie.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Co \u017ee je to vlastn\u011b to emis\u00e1rium? T\u00edmto podivn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem je pojmenov\u00e1na v\u00a0angli\u010dtin\u011b i ital\u0161tin\u011b podzemn\u00ed chodba vybudovan\u00e1 nejpozd\u011bji v\u00a0<strong>6. stol. p\u0159.n.l.<\/strong> p\u016fvodn\u00edmi obyvateli \u0158\u00edma (ne etrusky, ti byli severn\u011bji), jej\u00edm\u017e \u00fa\u010delem bylo <strong>odv\u00e1d\u011bt vodu<\/strong> z\u00a0vulkanick\u00e9ho jezera Lago di Nemi. Podobn\u00fd tunel byl vybudov\u00e1n i u vedlej\u0161\u00edho jezera Albano a v Ariccii. Jeho d\u00e9lka je cca 2 km a byl funk\u010dn\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed 100 lety. Chodba m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik v\u011btven\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obch\u00e1zej\u00ed zkolabovav\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. V\u00fd\u0161ka chodeb je n\u011bkde i cca 4 m, jinde zase jen metr. V\u00fd\u0161ka chodby se postupn\u011b s\u00a0\u010dasem m\u011bnila, jak se sni\u017eovala hladina jezera. P\u016fvodn\u00ed vchod do podzemn\u00ed chodby b\u00fdval o 18 m v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e nyn\u00ed a zasahoval do starod\u00e1vn\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera Diany na \u00fapat\u00ed jezera.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Voda byla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na na zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed okoln\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch ploch a d\u00e1le byla napojena na akvadukt. \u00da\u010delem nebylo pouze zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale nutnost regulovat hladinu vody, proto\u017ee i p\u0159i ode\u010dten\u00ed spot\u0159eby vody m\u00edstn\u00edmi a odparu by se hladina zvy\u0161ovala st\u00e1le o 150 l za sekundu a hrozily by z\u00e1plavy po vylit\u00ed vody z\u00a0minikr\u00e1teru sopky. Dnes v\u0161ak je ji\u017e spot\u0159eba vody m\u00edstn\u00edmi tak vysok\u00e1, \u017ee se voda nesta\u010d\u00ed dopl\u0148ovat a hladina jezera neust\u00e1le kles\u00e1. Pokles je d\u00e1n i ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hladinou spodn\u00ed vody, kter\u00e1 spolu s\u00a0de\u0161\u0165ovou je jedin\u00fdm zdrojem vody do jezera.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zaj\u00edmavou a doposud st\u00e1le nedo\u0159e\u0161enou ot\u00e1zku je postup ra\u017een\u00ed chodby. Chodba byla ra\u017eena z\u00a0obou stran, ze strany od jezera \u0161la pr\u00e1ce rychleji, nebo\u0165 se jednalo o sope\u010dn\u00fd prach tufo, ale ze strany druh\u00e9 byl materi\u00e1l mnohem tvrd\u0161\u00ed. Z\u00a0toho d\u016fvodu se nepotkali p\u0159esn\u011b uprost\u0159ed. Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ale dok\u00e1zali odhadnout p\u0159i takov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce chodeb a ter\u00e9nu nad n\u00ed (stovky metr\u016f skal), kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed? Na obou za\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch chodeb je velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161achet, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly ur\u010dovat sm\u011br chodeb. \u00dadajn\u011b dle Coloi a Castellani t\u011bch n\u011bkolik \u0161achet sta\u010dilo pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zdroje literatury:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Caloi V, Castellani V.: Note on the ancient emisary of lake Nemi. 1991. 3 rd International Symposium on Underground Quarries 10-14 July 1991. Napoli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ghini G, Diosono F.: Il santuario di Diana a Nemi: recenti acquisizioni dai nuovi scavi. 2012. Rivista di antichit\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bilde P.G.: The Roman villa by Lake Nemi: from nature to culture \u2013 between private and public. 2005. Proceedings of conference held at the Swedish Institute in Rome September 17-18, 2004.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>ngg_shortcode_0_placeholder<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00a0sobotu 10. kv\u011btna prob\u011bhla n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva starod\u00e1vn\u00e9ho emis\u00e1ria u jezera Nemi, jej\u00edm\u017e \u00fa\u010delem bylo proveden\u00ed velk\u00e9 skupiny americk\u00fdch student\u016f podzem\u00edm emis\u00e1ria. Jeliko\u017e jsem byl jedn\u00edm z\u00a0m\u00e1la schopn\u00fdm mluvit anglicky, byla m\u011b spolu se \u010dleny Roma sotteranea sv\u011b\u0159ena odpov\u011bdnost za doprov\u00e1zen\u00ed student\u016f americk\u00fdch univerzit, kte\u0159\u00ed si doprovod bohat\u011b zaplatili. Spolu se Sergiem jsme si nejd\u0159\u00edve za\u0161li od [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exkurze"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1333"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1333"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1336,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1333\/revisions\/1336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shkb.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}